As Mississippi River levels continue to hinder grain shipping, at least some Cargill grain terminals on the river have now stopped taking corn and soybeans.
Cargill’s facilities in Hickman, KY, and Keithsburg, IL, both posted on their websites that they stopped taking deliveries for the last week of October. Hickman’s website noted, “We are full on corn and YSB (yellow soybeans). Will not be taking until river levels change. Hickman Harbor was closed due to low water. We are filling our remaining space. Customers can expect slower unload times and we apologize for any disruptions this causes our producers.”
Mike Steenhoek, executive director of the Soy Transportation Coalition, sent a river update on Oct. 26, stating that the conditions of the inland waterway system remain “very concerning.”
“The metaphor I routinely use, ‘attaching a garden hose to a fire hydrant,’ continues to be very applicable,” Steenhoek said. “Farmers are continuing to harvest an overall strong crop, but the inland waterway system—especially the lower Mississippi River—does not currently possess the normal capacity to accommodate it.”
Steenhoek said the low river conditions are a challenge for the soybean industry given how the September through February period accounts for 80% of U.S. soybean exports. More than half of the soybeans produced in the country are exported as well.
Steenhoek added, “Barge transportation is essential for connecting U.S. soybean farmers with international customers.”
No help from mighty MO
Meanwhile, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers officials in the Missouri River Basin held fall public meetings across the basin. The overall theme was that dry conditions persist everywhere in the Missouri River Basin as well.
Water releases from the lowest dam on the Missouri River at Gavins Point Dam, SD, also will be reduced starting around Nov. 19. Gavins Point had been averaging about 30,000 cubic feet per second (cfs), but the Corps is starting to dial back releases from the South Dakota dam and will bring it down to the minimum level of 12,000 cfs. The Corps will start stepping down water releases by about 3,000 cfs per day until early December.
Asked if the Corps could instead boost water releases out of Gavins Point, John Remus, chief of the Missouri River Basin for the Corps Water Management Division, said there have been conversations about it, but the Corps is not authorized to release water to support navigation on the lower Mississippi River.
“We are not authorized on the Missouri River system to make releases for the sole purpose of supporting the Mississippi River for anything, whether it is navigation or flood control,” Remus told DTN at a meeting Oct. 26 in Smithville, MO.
In his tenure with the Corps, Remus said, there have been at least three times the issue of water releases from the Missouri have been raised to help the Mississippi. Each time, attorneys have said the authorizing legislation and court cases prohibit Corps officials in the Missouri River Basin from adjusting water releases to support the Mississippi.
“We are only authorized for benefits on the Missouri River,” he said.
Remus added, however, that the Missouri River system right now also doesn’t have the volume to add significant water level rises to the Mississippi River.
“We can’t release enough water to make a difference,” Remus said. “The river (Mississippi) gets so big once it gets below the Ohio (River), so even if we had the authority, we don’t have the ability to do that.”
The Corps meeting reaffirmed reporting from DTN on the challenging river outlook going forward. In the Missouri River Basin, the National Weather Service expects La Niсa conditions to prevail for the third year in a row. Right now, about 75% of the Missouri River Basin is in some level of drought that is “likely to persist, if not expand.”
Smaller barge loads
American Commercial Barge Line highlighted how depth restrictions of no greater than 9 feet have been instituted on the Lower Mississippi River—a 24-30% decrease. Barges are often loaded to 11-12 feet at this time of the year on the Mississippi River south of St. Louis, MO.
“For every 1 foot of decreased water depth, 5,000 fewer bushels of soybeans are loaded into each barge,” Steenhoek said.
So, a 2-foot to 3-foot reduction will result in 10,000-15,000 fewer bushels. Barges on the Lower Mississippi River are often loaded with 57,000 bushels (Upper Mississippi River barges will be loaded with 50,000-52,000 bushels due to the minimum 9-foot navigation channel). The barge industry continues to maintain a maximum of 25 barges connected together along the Lower Mississippi River, compared to 30, 35 or even 40 barges under normal conditions, Steenhoek added.
According to USDA’s most recent Grain Transportation Report, barge freight rates have fallen. For the week of Oct. 18, transporting a ton of soybeans—loaded in St. Louis—cost $72.58 per ton. For the week of Oct. 11, it cost $105.85. The $72.58 cost is still 130% higher than the same week in 2021.
The USDA report offers an explanation that is consistent with testimonials Steenhoek said he has heard from farmers as well.
“Amid uncertainty about when barge traffic will normalize, some grain shippers have delayed deliveries until later in the year, which has softened demand for barges,” Steenhoek said.
Some farmers—especially many close to the river system—have limited or no on-farm storage, Steenhoek noted. In many areas, the inland waterway system under normal conditions is such an attractive avenue for soybeans and grain that alternatives (processing or rail loading facilities) have not developed since they would be at a competitive disadvantage to the normal efficiencies of barge transportation.
The Grain Transportation Report also noted that for the week ending Oct. 6, unshipped balances of wheat, corn and soybeans for marketing year 2022-23 totaled 39.07 million metric tons, down 23% from the same time last year. — Chris Clayton, DTN ag policy editor
