Cases of the equine herpes virus (EHV) have been confirmed in horses in several states this spring including California, Colorado, North Dakota, South Dakota and Wyoming.
EHV-1, also called rhinopneumonitis or rhino, is a highly contagious viral equine disease that can cause respiratory or neurologic infection, abortion in mares and even death. It can be spread by airborne droplets, as well as contaminated tack, feed and other items. The virus generally survives up to seven days in the environment, but it can remain alive for up to a month in perfect environmental conditions.
“Horse owners and event managers are responsible for implementing an equine biosecurity plan to protect the equine industry,” says Leigh Ann Skurupey, animal science specialist in North Dakota State University (NDSU) Extension’s Center for 4-H Youth Development.
Biosecurity measures horse owners should take at their own operations include requiring individuals to wash their hands before and after contact with each horse, disinfecting boots and changing clothes that come into contact with horses other than their own. Humans cannot contract the virus, but they can spread the virus on their clothing, boots and hands.
“If you go to events, have your horses current on all vaccinations, have current health papers, and take all your own tack and equipment,” NDSU Extension Veterinarian and Livestock Stewardship Specialist Gerald Stokka advises. “Do not share equipment with others or ask to use theirs.”
Although the disease has not been found in Nebraska this year, State Veterinarian Dr. Dennis Hughes wants to remind horse owners to remember to always use best biosecurity practices.
“With fair, exposition and rodeo season gearing up, it is of utmost importance that horse owners and facility managers take appropriate precautions to prevent the introduction and spread of this disease in Nebraska,” said Dr. Hughes. “Vigilance is especially important in situations where horses can come into contact with each other. There can be a high susceptibility to the disease where we have horses commingling from different regions or states.”
“If possible, horse owners should avoid contact with other people’s horses, and isolate horses returning from shows or exhibitions for three to four weeks,” said Dr. Hughes. “Owners who will be commingling their horses also should consider contacting their veterinarian to discuss their horses’ current vaccination status and weigh the benefits of vaccination.”
Once a horse becomes infected, it is infected for life. An estimated 70 percent of the U.S. horse population has been exposed to the virus. After the initial clinical signs, the virus lies dormant and resurfaces during times of stress, such as weaning, trailering, training or competition. Symptoms include fever, decreased coordination, nasal discharge, urine dribbling, loss of tail tone, hind limb weakness, leaning against a wall or fence to maintain balance, lethargy and the inability to rise.
Owners should consult with their regular veterinarian to determine the proper vaccinations for their animals. — WLJ
