When warmer temperatures come, so do many species of biting ticks. Many people take precautions to prevent bites on themselves and their animals, but of particular concern is a species of tick that Kansas harbors: the Lone Star tick.
Kansas State (K-State) University food scientist Karen Blakeslee says a bite from the Lone Star tick can cause a rare allergy—called an alpha-gal allergy—when infected humans consume red meat and other food products.
The Lone Star tick is distinguished by the white dot in the center of its body. Though more common in the South, the Lone Star tick was once found only in eastern Kansas, but recently it also has been found in western Kansas. Ticks are active during the months of April through September.
“The alpha-gal molecule is carried in the saliva of the Lone Star tick,” Blakeslee said. “People bit by this tick can become sensitive and produce the immunoglobulin E antibody. Unlike typical food allergies, which is a reaction to protein, this is a reaction to a specific grouping of two carbohydrates, galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose, a disaccharide found in most mammals.”
Blakeslee listed the types of foods that may trigger an allergic reaction:
• Any red meat such as pork, beef, rabbit, lamb or venison.
• Other mammal products such as gelatin, cow’s milk and milk products.
• Some medications that use mammal-derived gelatins, glycerin, magnesium stearate or bovine extract.
Blakeslee said fish, seafood, eggs, fruits, vegetables and poultry are not known to cause a reaction.
Allergy symptoms may appear up to three to eight hours after consuming a reactive food. Blakeslee said the symptoms include rashes, hives, difficulty breathing, a drop in blood pressure, dizziness, fainting nausea and severe stomach pain. These symptoms can be life threatening; if you experience them, seek medical care immediately.
Although rare, Blakeslee said the alpha-gal allergy can develop in people of any age and is usually permanent.
“The allergy is managed with antihistamines, corticosteroids or other medications,” Blakeslee said. “Every person reacts differently, and it may be possible to slowly reintroduce red meat foods after a long period of time.”
To avoid being bitten by the Lone Star tick, she suggests observing precautions similar for any tick species.
“When outdoors, use insect repellent for ticks, and always check your clothing for ticks,” Blakeslee said. “When home, take a shower and perform a thorough check for ticks. You are more at risk when you’ve had multiple tick bites.”
For more resources on the Lone Star tick and the alpha-gal allergy, K-State’s Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory offers information on the tick, and the CDC offers information on the alpha-gal allergy. — K-State Research and Extension
